Can faith in God be justified in the wake of horrendous evil? Can a commitment to monotheism square divine violence with divine love? This module explores the problem of evil and the myriad of ways it has been raised and responded to in two distinct but interlocking religious traditions: Christianity and Judaism. The exploration is both historical and comparative. Taking a historical view, the module explores how theodicy has emerged in the Western philosophical tradition, especially in the wake of the Enlightenment, as the challenge to monotheistic belief in God. Taking a comparative view, the module examines the overlapping and contrasting ways Jewish and Christian thinkers have dealt with the challenge of evil. The exploration comes to a head with the event of evil that precipitated an unprecedented challenge, reckoning, and convergence between the two theological traditions: the Shoah. The module will conclude by examining the post-Holocaust turn to anti-theodicy and the renewed emphasis on praxis in both Jewish and Christian thought.